{"id":863,"date":"2025-12-28T15:21:38","date_gmt":"2025-12-28T14:21:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/?post_type=manual_kb&#038;p=863"},"modified":"2026-02-06T12:15:09","modified_gmt":"2026-02-06T11:15:09","slug":"prezentare-generala-a-comenzilor-ssh","status":"publish","type":"manual_kb","link":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/ssh-commands-overview\/","title":{"rendered":"Comenzi SSH - prezentare general\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"translation-block translation-block-merged\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mai jos ve\u021bi g\u0103si un rezumat al celor mai utile comenzi SSH.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_86 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Cuprins<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class=\"ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1\"><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/ssh-commands-overview\/#wget\">wget<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/ssh-commands-overview\/#uname\">uname<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/ssh-commands-overview\/#touch\">touch<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/ssh-commands-overview\/#tar\">tar<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/ssh-commands-overview\/#tail\">tail<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/ssh-commands-overview\/#rmdir\">rmdir<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/ssh-commands-overview\/#rm\">rm<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/ssh-commands-overview\/#pwd\">pwd<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/ssh-commands-overview\/#mv\">mv<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/ssh-commands-overview\/#passwd\">passwd<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/ssh-commands-overview\/#mkdir\">mkdir<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/ssh-commands-overview\/#ls\">ls<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/ssh-commands-overview\/#man\">man<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/ssh-commands-overview\/#history\">istoric<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/ssh-commands-overview\/#head\">head<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/ssh-commands-overview\/#find\">g\u0103si\u021bi<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/ssh-commands-overview\/#grep\">grep<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/ssh-commands-overview\/#diff\">diff<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/ssh-commands-overview\/#cd\">cd<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/ssh-commands-overview\/#cp\">cp<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/ssh-commands-overview\/#cat\">cat<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"wget\"><\/span>wget<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Comanda wget este utilizat\u0103 \u00een principal pentru a desc\u0103rca fi\u0219iere direct pe server din consola SSH. Acest lucru este deosebit de util atunci c\u00e2nd dori\u021bi s\u0103 desc\u0103rca\u021bi un pachet cu un script de instalare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"mybox-3024110453\" class=\"mybox-content mybox-entity-placement\"><div class=\"early-access-banner-inpost\">\r\n  <div class=\"banner-left-inpost\">\r\n    <div class=\"icon-box-inpost\">\r\n      <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/square-info-icon.svg\" alt=\"Info\">\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"text-box-inpost\">\r\n      <span class=\"label-inpost\"><span class=\"translation-block translation-block-banner-text\">Acces timpuriu<\/span><\/span>\r\n      <h4><span class=\"translation-block translation-block-banner-text\">Mai ave\u021bi nevoie de ajutor?<\/span><\/h4>\r\n      <p><span class=\"translation-block translation-block-banner-text\">Contacta\u021bi echipa noastr\u0103 de servicii pentru clien\u021bi.<\/span><\/p>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"banner-right-inpost\">\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/panel.mybox.com\/helpdesk2\/v\/list\/\" class=\"banner-button-inpost\"><span class=\"translation-block translation-block-banner-text\">Trimite mesaj<\/span><\/a>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"translation-block translation-block-merged\"><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De exemplu, aceast\u0103 comand\u0103 are urm\u0103toarea structur\u0103<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>wget https:\/\/domain.com\/filename.zip<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"uname\"><\/span>uname<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Comanda uname, prescurtare de la Unix Name, va afi\u0219a informa\u021bii detaliate despre sistemul Linux, cum ar fi numele ma\u0219inii, sistemul de operare, kernelul \u0219i a\u0219a mai departe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trebuie s\u0103 \u021bine\u021bi cont de faptul c\u0103, \u00een cazul serviciilor de g\u0103zduire, informa\u021biile rezultate sunt adesea limitate de c\u0103tre furnizor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"touch\"><\/span>touch<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Comanda touch v\u0103 permite s\u0103 crea\u021bi un fi\u0219ier nou gol din linia de comand\u0103 Linux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De exemplu, tasta\u021bi touch \/domeniulvs.com\/public_html\/page.html pentru a crea un fi\u0219ier HTML numit page \u00een directorul principal al domeniului domeniulvs.com.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"tar\"><\/span>tar<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">tar este un instrument utilizat pentru arhivarea \u0219i extragerea fi\u0219ierelor de arhiv\u0103 \u00een acest format.<br>Fi\u0219ierele arhivate generate cu ajutorul acestei aplica\u021bii, \u00een cazul comprim\u0103rii unui director care con\u021bine alte directoare \u0219i fi\u0219iere, p\u0103streaz\u0103 arborele de directoare, ceea ce permite restaurarea acestuia dup\u0103 dezarhivare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sintax\u0103:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>tar - op\u021biuni pentru fi\u0219ierul arhiv\u0103<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Op\u021biuni:<\/strong><br>-c creeaz\u0103 o arhiv\u0103 nou\u0103<br>-x va dezarhiva fi\u0219ierul<br>-t va afi\u0219a con\u021binutul fi\u0219ierului arhivat<br>-z comprim\u0103 arhiva folosind programul gzip<br>-r va ata\u0219a fi\u0219iere la o arhiv\u0103 deja existent\u0103<br>-f va indica fi\u0219ierul \u00een care urmeaz\u0103 s\u0103 fie salvat\u0103 arhiva<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Exemple de utilizare:<\/strong><br>Pentru a crea un fi\u0219ier arhiv\u0103 numit myarchive.tgz care s\u0103 con\u021bin\u0103 toate fi\u0219ierele \u0219i subdirectoarele din directorul \/yourdomain.com, tasta\u021bi:<br>tar \u2013c \u2013z -f myarchive.tgz \/yourdomain.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Comenzi pentru arhivarea fi\u0219ierelor:<\/strong><br>Pentru a extrage arhiva comprimat\u0103 numit\u0103 myarchive.tgz \u00een directorul curent, tasta\u021bi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>tar -x -z -f myarchive.tgz<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pentru a ata\u0219a fi\u0219ierul textfile.txt la o arhiv\u0103 existent\u0103, necomprimat\u0103, numit\u0103 myarchive.tar, tasta\u021bi:<br>tar -r -f mojearchiwum.tar dodatkowy.txt<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"tail\"><\/span>tail<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Comanda tail este oarecum similar\u0103 cu comanda head, dar \u00een loc s\u0103 afi\u0219eze primele linii, tail ne va afi\u0219a ultimele zece linii ale fi\u0219ierului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De exemplu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>tail -n notes.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aceast\u0103 comand\u0103 este adesea utilizat\u0103 pentru a extrage referin\u021be recente din jurnalele de acces sau din jurnalele de erori.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"rmdir\"><\/span>rmdir<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dac\u0103 dori\u021bi s\u0103 \u0219terge\u021bi un director, utiliza\u021bi comanda rmdir.<br>Re\u021bine\u021bi c\u0103 rmdir v\u0103 permite s\u0103 \u0219terge\u021bi doar directoarele goale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"rm\"><\/span>rm<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Comanda rm este utilizat\u0103 pentru a \u0219terge directoarele \u0219i con\u021binutul acestora. Dac\u0103 dori\u021bi s\u0103 \u0219terge\u021bi doar directorul \u2013 ca alternativ\u0103 la rmdir \u2013 utiliza\u021bi rm -r, unde -r \u00eenseamn\u0103 \u0219tergere recursiv\u0103, deci se aplic\u0103 \u0219i con\u021binutului directorului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-onethird-callout-box onethird-callout-wrap\"><div class=\"onethird-callout onethird-callout--warn\" style=\"--ot-bg:#FFEAE9;--ot-border:#F8D0D0;--ot-text:#6F7C88;--ot-title:#384048;--ot-body:#6F7C88;--ot-icon:#384048;border-radius:6px;padding:16px\"><div class=\"onethird-callout__head\"><span class=\"onethird-callout__icon\"><\/span><div class=\"onethird-callout__title\">Not\u0103<\/div><\/div><div class=\"onethird-callout__body\">Fi\u021bi foarte aten\u021bi cu aceast\u0103 comand\u0103 \u0219i verifica\u021bi de dou\u0103 ori \u00een ce director v\u0103 afla\u021bi.<\/div><\/div><div class=\"onethird-callout__separator\" style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"pwd\"><\/span>pwd<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Folosi\u021bi comanda pwd pentru a afla care este calea c\u0103tre directorul (folder) \u00een care v\u0103 afla\u021bi. Comanda va returna o cale absolut\u0103 (complet\u0103), care este, practic, calea tuturor directoarelor \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu o bar\u0103 oblic\u0103 (\/). Un exemplu de cale absolut\u0103 este \/home\/mybox\/yourlogin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"mv\"><\/span>mv<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Utilizarea principal\u0103 a comenzii mv este mutarea fi\u0219ierelor, de\u0219i poate fi folosit\u0103 \u0219i pentru redenumirea fi\u0219ierelor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Argumentele comenzii mv sunt similare cu cele ale comenzii cp. Trebuie s\u0103 introduce\u021bi comanda mv, numele fi\u0219ierului \u0219i directorul de destina\u021bie. De exemplu: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>mv file.txt \/destination-directory.<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pentru a redenumi fi\u0219iere, comanda Linux este <\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>mv vechi-nume.txt nou-nume.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"passwd\"><\/span>passwd<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">passwd \u2013 schimb\u0103 parola utilizatorului. Dac\u0103 nu specifica\u021bi numele utilizatorului pentru care se schimb\u0103 parola, va fi schimbat\u0103 parola utilizatorului din contul c\u0103ruia a fost emis\u0103 comanda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sintax\u0103:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>passwd nume_utilizator<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Exemple de utilizare:<br>Schimb\u0103 parola pentru login-mybox<br>passwd login-mybox account<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"mkdir\"><\/span>mkdir<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Utiliza\u021bi comanda mkdir pentru a crea un director nou \u2013 dac\u0103 tasta\u021bi <\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>mkdir newdirectory<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">se va crea un director numit newdirectory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Exist\u0103, de asemenea, comenzi mkdir suplimentare:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pentru a crea un nou director \u00een interiorul altui director, utiliza\u021bi aceast\u0103 comand\u0103: mkdir director-1\/director-2<br>utiliza\u021bi op\u021biunea p (parents) pentru a crea un director \u00eentre dou\u0103 directoare existente. De exemplu, <\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>mkdir -p director-1\/2020\/director-2<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">va crea un fi\u0219ier nou numit \u201c2022\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ls\"><\/span>ls<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Comanda ls este utilizat\u0103 pentru a vizualiza con\u021binutul directorului. \u00cen mod implicit, aceast\u0103 comand\u0103 va afi\u0219a con\u021binutul directorului de lucru curent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dac\u0103 dori\u021bi s\u0103 vede\u021bi con\u021binutul altor directoare, tasta\u021bi ls urmat de calea c\u0103tre directorul respectiv. De exemplu, tasta\u021bi ls mydomain.com pentru a vizualiza con\u021binutul directorului mydomain.coml.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Exist\u0103 variante pe care le pute\u021bi utiliza cu comanda ls:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ls -R va afi\u0219a toate fi\u0219ierele care se afl\u0103 \u0219i \u00een subdirectoare<br>ls -a va afi\u0219a fi\u0219ierele ascunse<br>ls -al va afi\u0219a o list\u0103 de fi\u0219iere \u0219i directoare cu detalii precum permisiunile, dimensiunea, proprietarul, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"man\"><\/span>man<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ave\u021bi \u00eendoieli cu privire la func\u021bionalitatea unor comenzi Linux? Nu v\u0103 face\u021bi griji, pute\u021bi \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba cu u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103 cum s\u0103 le utiliza\u021bi direct din shell-ul Linux folosind comanda man. \u00cen acest caz, \"man\" este o abreviere pentru \"manual\", adic\u0103 un manual de utilizare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De exemplu, dac\u0103 tasta\u021bi \"man tail\", se va afi\u0219a manualul pentru comanda \"tail\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"history\"><\/span>istoric<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e2nd utiliza\u021bi Linux o perioad\u0103 de timp, ve\u021bi observa rapid c\u0103 da\u021bi o mul\u021bime de comenzi \u00een fiecare zi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Utilizarea comenzii \"history\" este deosebit de util\u0103 dac\u0103 dori\u021bi s\u0103 revizui\u021bi comenzile folosite anterior.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"head\"><\/span>head<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Comanda head este utilizat\u0103 pentru a afi\u0219a primele linii ale oric\u0103rui fi\u0219ier text.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen mod implicit, aceasta afi\u0219eaz\u0103 primele zece r\u00e2nduri, dar pute\u021bi modifica acest num\u0103r dup\u0103 cum dori\u021bi.<br>De exemplu, dac\u0103 dori\u021bi s\u0103 afi\u0219a\u021bi doar primele cinci r\u00e2nduri ale unui fi\u0219ier notes.txt, executa\u021bi comanda <\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>head -n 5 notes.txt.<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"find\"><\/span>find<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Comanda find caut\u0103 fi\u0219iere \u0219i directoare \u00een directorul \u00een care v\u0103 afla\u021bi \u00een prezent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De exemplu, comanda find ~\/-name notes.txt va c\u0103uta un fi\u0219ier numit notes.txt \u00een directorul de baz\u0103 \u0219i \u00een subdirectoarele acestuia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Alte variante de utilizare a comenzii find sunt:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pentru a g\u0103si fi\u0219iere \u00een directorul curent, utiliza\u021bi: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>find .-name notes.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pentru a c\u0103uta \u00een directoare, utiliza\u021bi: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>find \/-type d -name notes.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"grep\"><\/span>grep<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O comand\u0103 Linux care este, f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eendoial\u0103, util\u0103 \u00een utilizarea de zi cu zi este grep. Aceasta v\u0103 permite s\u0103 c\u0103uta\u021bi tot textul dintr-un anumit fi\u0219ier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De exemplu, comanda grep login va c\u0103uta cuv\u00e2ntul \"login\" \u00een fi\u0219ierul notes.txt.<br>Liniile care con\u021bin cuv\u00e2ntul c\u0103utat vor fi afi\u0219ate \u00een \u00eentregime.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"diff\"><\/span>diff<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Comanda este o abreviere a cuv\u00e2ntului \"difference\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">diff compar\u0103 con\u021binutul a dou\u0103 fi\u0219iere r\u00e2nd cu r\u00e2nd. Dup\u0103 analizarea fi\u0219ierelor, afi\u0219eaz\u0103 acele linii care nu difer\u0103 \u00eentre ele.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dezvoltatorii folosesc adesea aceast\u0103 comand\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd trebuie s\u0103 aduc\u0103 modific\u0103ri unui program, \u00een loc s\u0103 rescrie \u00eentregul cod surs\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cea mai simpl\u0103 form\u0103 a acestei comenzi este <\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>diff file1.txt file2.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"cd\"><\/span>cd<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pentru a naviga prin fi\u0219iere \u0219i directoare \u00een Linux, utiliza\u021bi comanda cd. Aceasta necesit\u0103 fie calea complet\u0103, fie numele directorului, \u00een func\u021bie de directorul \u00een care v\u0103 afla\u021bi \u00een prezent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u0103 presupunem c\u0103 v\u0103 afla\u021bi \u00een \/home\/mybox\/yourlogin\/domain.com\/public_html \u0219i dori\u021bi s\u0103 accesa\u021bi wp-content, care este un subdirector al public_html. Pentru a face acest lucru, tasta\u021bi pur \u0219i simplu urm\u0103toarea comand\u0103: cd wp-content.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un alt scenariu este acela \u00een care dori\u021bi s\u0103 accesa\u021bi un director complet nou, cum ar fi \/home\/mybox\/yourlogin\/anotherdomain.com\/public_html. \u00cen acest caz, trebuie s\u0103 tasta\u021bi cd \u0219i apoi calea absolut\u0103 c\u0103tre director: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>cd \/home\/mybox\/yourlogin\/anotherdomain.com\/public_html<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">sau, dac\u0103 v\u0103 afla\u021bi \u00een acela\u0219i director principal, pute\u021bi urca cu un nivel folosind dou\u0103 puncte, adic\u0103 . <\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>cd .. \/anotherdomain.com\/public_html<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Exist\u0103 c\u00e2teva comenzi rapide care v\u0103 ajut\u0103 s\u0103 naviga\u021bi rapid:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">cd.. (cu dou\u0103 puncte) pentru a urca cu un director<br>CD pentru a merge direct la folderul principal<br>cd- (cu cratim\u0103) pentru a merge la directorul anterior<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Shell-ul Linux face distinc\u021bie \u00eentre majuscule \u0219i minuscule. A\u0219adar, trebuie s\u0103 tasta\u021bi numele directorului exact a\u0219a cum este scris.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"cp\"><\/span>cp<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Utiliza\u021bi comanda cp pentru a copia fi\u0219iere din directorul curent \u00eentr-un alt director.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De exemplu, comanda <\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>cp photo.jpg \/photos <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">va crea o copie a fi\u0219ierului photo.jpg (din directorul curent) \u00een directorul \"photo\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"cat\"><\/span>cat<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">cat (prescurtarea de la concatenate) este una dintre cele mai utilizate comenzi \u00een Linux. Se folose\u0219te pentru a afi\u0219a con\u021binutul unui fi\u0219ier pe ie\u0219irea standard (stdout).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pentru a rula aceast\u0103 comand\u0103, tasta\u021bi cat, urmat\u0103 de numele fi\u0219ierului \u0219i de extensia acestuia. De exemplu: cat file.txt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Iat\u0103 alte moduri de a utiliza comanda cat:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>cat nume_fi\u0219ier &gt; creeaz\u0103 un fi\u0219ier nou\n\ncat fi\u0219ier-1 fi\u0219ier-2&gt;fi\u0219ier-3 combin\u0103 dou\u0103 fi\u0219iere (1 \u0219i 2) \u0219i salveaz\u0103 rezultatul \u00eentr-un fi\u0219ier nou (3)\n\ncat filename | tr a-z A-Z &gt;file.txt pentru a converti fi\u0219ierul \u00een majuscule sau minuscule<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dac\u0103 nu ave\u021bi deja o op\u021biune de acces SSH activ\u0103, face\u021bi clic pe <a href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/baza-de-cunostinte\/cum-imi-activez-contul-ssh\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/en\/knowledgebase\/how-do-i-activate-my-ssh-account\/\">AICI<\/a> pentru un ghid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","format":"standard","manualknowledgebasecat":[25,54],"manual_kb_tag":[1495,1519,1535,1504,1520,1536,1505,1521,1537,1506,1522,1538,1507,1523,1539,1508,1524,1540,1509,1525,1541,1510,1526,1542,1511,1527,242,1512,1528,518,1513,1529,584,1514,1530,772,1515,1531,975,1516,1532,1326,1517,1533,1354,1518,1534],"class_list":["post-863","manual_kb","type-manual_kb","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","manualknowledgebasecat-hosting","manualknowledgebasecat-ssh","manual_kb_tag-mkdir-command","manual_kb_tag-grep","manual_kb_tag-password-management","manual_kb_tag-linux-commands","manual_kb_tag-diff","manual_kb_tag-file-archiving","manual_kb_tag-shell-commands","manual_kb_tag-archive-management","manual_kb_tag-install-scripts","manual_kb_tag-terminal-tutorial","manual_kb_tag-archive-extraction","manual_kb_tag-package-installation","manual_kb_tag-common-linux-commands","manual_kb_tag-directory-management","manual_kb_tag-system-information","manual_kb_tag-basic-linux-commands","manual_kb_tag-download-files","manual_kb_tag-gzip-compression","manual_kb_tag-wget","manual_kb_tag-create-files","manual_kb_tag-tar-archive","manual_kb_tag-uname","manual_kb_tag-remove-files","manual_kb_tag-wget-download","manual_kb_tag-touch","manual_kb_tag-move-files","manual_kb_tag-mybox","manual_kb_tag-passwd","manual_kb_tag-copy-files","manual_kb_tag-public_html","manual_kb_tag-mkdir","manual_kb_tag-text-processing","manual_kb_tag-subdirectories","manual_kb_tag-rmdir","manual_kb_tag-log-monitoring","manual_kb_tag-domain","manual_kb_tag-history","manual_kb_tag-search-files","manual_kb_tag-file-management","manual_kb_tag-tail","manual_kb_tag-compare-files","manual_kb_tag-command-line","manual_kb_tag-head","manual_kb_tag-command-reference","manual_kb_tag-access-logs","manual_kb_tag-find","manual_kb_tag-user-management"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/manual_kb\/863","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/manual_kb"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/manual_kb"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/manual_kb\/863\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4750,"href":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/manual_kb\/863\/revisions\/4750"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=863"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"manualknowledgebasecat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/manualknowledgebasecat?post=863"},{"taxonomy":"manual_kb_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/manual_kb_tag?post=863"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}