{"id":835,"date":"2025-12-19T09:56:09","date_gmt":"2025-12-19T08:56:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/?post_type=manual_kb&#038;p=835"},"modified":"2026-05-30T16:29:03","modified_gmt":"2026-05-30T14:29:03","slug":"protocoale-ftp","status":"publish","type":"manual_kb","link":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/protocols-ftp\/","title":{"rendered":"Protocoale - FTP"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"translation-block translation-block-merged\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">FTP (File Transfer Protocol) este un protocol de re\u021bea utilizat pentru transferul de fi\u0219iere \u00eentre un client \u0219i un server printr-o conexiune bazat\u0103 pe TCP. Este utilizat \u00een mod obi\u0219nuit \u00een mediile de g\u0103zduire pentru \u00eenc\u0103rcarea, desc\u0103rcarea \u0219i gestionarea fi\u0219ierelor site-urilor web pe un server la distan\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">FTP este conceput special pentru opera\u021biuni de transfer de fi\u0219iere, cum ar fi mutarea, copierea, redenumirea sau \u0219tergerea fi\u0219ierelor de pe un server.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_86 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Cuprins<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class=\"ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1\"><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/protocols-ftp\/#How_FTP_works\">Cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103 FTP<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/protocols-ftp\/#Connection_structure\">Structura conexiunii<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/protocols-ftp\/#Ports_used_by_FTP\">Porturi utilizate de FTP<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/protocols-ftp\/#Authentication\">Autentificare<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/protocols-ftp\/#Types_of_FTP_connections\">Tipuri de conexiuni FTP<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/protocols-ftp\/#Security_considerations\">Considera\u021bii privind securitatea<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/protocols-ftp\/#Practical_use_cases\">Cazuri practice de utilizare<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/protocols-ftp\/#Practical_implications\">Implica\u021bii practice<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/protocols-ftp\/#Summary\">Rezumat<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_FTP_works\"><\/span>Cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103 FTP<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"mybox-3799477288\" class=\"mybox-content mybox-entity-placement\"><div class=\"early-access-banner-inpost\">\r\n  <div class=\"banner-left-inpost\">\r\n    <div class=\"icon-box-inpost\">\r\n      <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/square-info-icon.svg\" alt=\"Info\">\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"text-box-inpost\">\r\n      <span class=\"label-inpost\"><span class=\"translation-block translation-block-banner-text\">Acces timpuriu<\/span><\/span>\r\n      <h4><span class=\"translation-block translation-block-banner-text\">Mai ave\u021bi nevoie de ajutor?<\/span><\/h4>\r\n      <p><span class=\"translation-block translation-block-banner-text\">Contacta\u021bi echipa noastr\u0103 de servicii pentru clien\u021bi.<\/span><\/p>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"banner-right-inpost\">\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/panel.mybox.com\/helpdesk2\/v\/list\/\" class=\"banner-button-inpost\"><span class=\"translation-block translation-block-banner-text\">Trimite mesaj<\/span><\/a>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"translation-block translation-block-merged\"><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">FTP func\u021bioneaz\u0103 pe baza unui model client-server:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>clientul se conecteaz\u0103 la un server FTP<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>utilizatorul se autentific\u0103 cu un nume de utilizator \u0219i o parol\u0103 (\u00een majoritatea cazurilor)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>fi\u0219ierele sunt transferate \u00eentre client \u0219i server<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O sesiune FTP tipic\u0103 permite opera\u021biuni precum \u00eenc\u0103rcarea \u0219i desc\u0103rcarea fi\u0219ierelor, precum \u0219i gestionarea directoarelor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Connection_structure\"><\/span>Structura conexiunii<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">FTP utilizeaz\u0103 dou\u0103 canale de comunicare separate:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Canalul de control<\/strong> \u2013 utilizat pentru trimiterea comenzilor \u0219i primirea r\u0103spunsurilor<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Canalul de date<\/strong> \u2013 utilizat pentru transferul con\u021binutului propriu-zis al fi\u0219ierului<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aceast\u0103 separare permite gestionarea independent\u0103 a comenzilor \u0219i a transferurilor de fi\u0219iere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ports_used_by_FTP\"><\/span>Porturile utilizate de FTP<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen mod implicit, FTP utilizeaz\u0103:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Portul 21 pentru comunica\u021bia de control<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Portul 20 pentru transferul de date (\u00een modul activ)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen modul pasiv, transferul de date utilizeaz\u0103 porturi alocate dinamic \u00een locul portului 20, ceea ce \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021be\u0219te compatibilitatea cu firewall-urile \u0219i re\u021belele moderne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Authentication\"><\/span>Autentificare<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Accesul FTP este de obicei protejat folosind:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>numele de utilizator<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>parola<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Unele servere pot permite, de asemenea, accesul anonim, dar \u00een mediile de g\u0103zduire acesta este de obicei dezactivat din motive de securitate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Types_of_FTP_connections\"><\/span>Tipuri de conexiuni FTP<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">FTP poate func\u021biona \u00een diferite moduri:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Modul activ<\/strong> \u2013 serverul ini\u021biaz\u0103 conexiunea de date c\u0103tre client<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Modul pasiv<\/strong> \u2013 clientul ini\u021biaz\u0103 at\u00e2t conexiunile de control, c\u00e2t \u0219i cele de date (utilizat mai frecvent \u00een prezent)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Security_considerations\"><\/span>Considera\u021bii privind securitatea<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen mod implicit, FTP nu cripteaz\u0103 datele transmise. Aceasta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 numele de utilizator, parolele \u0219i con\u021binutul fi\u0219ierelor pot fi transmise \u00een text simplu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pentru transferul securizat al fi\u0219ierelor, se utilizeaz\u0103 alternative moderne:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>SFTP<\/strong> (FTP peste SSH)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>FTPS<\/strong> (FTP cu criptare SSL\/TLS)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Practical_use_cases\"><\/span>Cazuri practice de utilizare<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">FTP este utilizat \u00een mod obi\u0219nuit pentru:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u00eenc\u0103rcarea fi\u0219ierelor site-ului web pe un server de g\u0103zduire<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>gestionarea fi\u0219ierelor \u00eentr-un mediu la distan\u021b\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>transferul unor loturi mari de fi\u0219iere \u00eentre sisteme<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00eentre\u021binerea sistemelor vechi care \u00eenc\u0103 se bazeaz\u0103 pe accesul prin FTP<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Practical_implications\"><\/span>Implica\u021bii practice<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Deoarece FTP nu este criptat \u00een mod implicit, acesta ar trebui utilizat numai \u00een medii de \u00eencredere sau \u00eenlocuit cu alternative sigure, atunci c\u00e2nd este posibil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen sistemele moderne de g\u0103zduire, precum mybox, se prefer\u0103 metode sigure de transfer, cum ar fi SFTP, pentru accesarea fi\u0219ierelor de pe server.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Summary\"><\/span>Rezumat<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">FTP este un protocol standard pentru transferul de fi\u0219iere \u00eentre un client \u0219i un server. Acesta utilizeaz\u0103 canale separate de control \u0219i de date \u0219i permite gestionarea fi\u0219ierelor de la distan\u021b\u0103, dar nu ofer\u0103 criptare \u00een mod implicit, ceea ce face ca alternativele sigure, precum SFTP, s\u0103 fie mai potrivite pentru utilizarea modern\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","format":"standard","manualknowledgebasecat":[25],"manual_kb_tag":[1696,1712,1697,1713,1698,1714,1699,1715,1700,1716,1701,1702,1703,415,1704,472,1705,749,1706,834,1707,835,1708,1693,1709,1694,1710,1695,1711],"class_list":["post-835","manual_kb","type-manual_kb","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","manualknowledgebasecat-hosting","manual_kb_tag-passive-mode-ftp","manual_kb_tag-authenticated-access","manual_kb_tag-active-mode-ftp","manual_kb_tag-control-connection","manual_kb_tag-anonymous-ftp","manual_kb_tag-data-connection","manual_kb_tag-ftp-authentication","manual_kb_tag-file-upload","manual_kb_tag-ftp-data-connection","manual_kb_tag-file-download","manual_kb_tag-ftp-control-connection","manual_kb_tag-ftp-file-transfer","manual_kb_tag-ftp-upload","manual_kb_tag-ftp-client","manual_kb_tag-ftp-download","manual_kb_tag-ftp-login","manual_kb_tag-transmission-control-protocol","manual_kb_tag-file-transfer","manual_kb_tag-network-protocols","manual_kb_tag-file-transfer-protocol","manual_kb_tag-client-server-architecture","manual_kb_tag-ftp-server","manual_kb_tag-authorized-access","manual_kb_tag-ftp-protocol","manual_kb_tag-anonymous-access","manual_kb_tag-ftp-ports","manual_kb_tag-ftp-security","manual_kb_tag-port-2","manual_kb_tag-anonymous-ftp-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/manual_kb\/835","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/manual_kb"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/manual_kb"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/manual_kb\/835\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9047,"href":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/manual_kb\/835\/revisions\/9047"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=835"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"manualknowledgebasecat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/manualknowledgebasecat?post=835"},{"taxonomy":"manual_kb_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/manual_kb_tag?post=835"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}