{"id":827,"date":"2025-12-19T09:54:58","date_gmt":"2025-12-19T08:54:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/?post_type=manual_kb&#038;p=827"},"modified":"2026-05-30T16:27:32","modified_gmt":"2026-05-30T14:27:32","slug":"protocoale-l2f","status":"publish","type":"manual_kb","link":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/protocols-l2f\/","title":{"rendered":"Protocoale - L2F"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"translation-block translation-block-merged\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L2F (Layer 2 Forwarding) este un protocol de tunelare utilizat pentru transmiterea datelor prin re\u021bele publice prin \u00eencapsularea cadrelor de nivel 2 \u00een alte pachete de re\u021bea. A fost dezvoltat de Cisco Systems ca o solu\u021bie timpurie pentru crearea conexiunilor de tip VPN.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L2F func\u021bioneaz\u0103 la nivelul stratului de leg\u0103tur\u0103 de date \u0219i este utilizat \u00een principal pentru redirec\u021bionarea traficului PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) \u00eentre un utilizator \u0219i o re\u021bea la distan\u021b\u0103 prin intermediul unui dispozitiv de acces intermediar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_86 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Cuprins<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class=\"ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1\"><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/protocols-l2f\/#How_L2F_works\">Cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103 L2F<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/protocols-l2f\/#Key_characteristics\">Caracteristici cheie<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/protocols-l2f\/#Security_considerations\">Considera\u021bii privind securitatea<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/protocols-l2f\/#L2F_and_L2TP\">L2F \u0219i L2TP<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/protocols-l2f\/#Practical_implications\">Implica\u021bii practice<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/protocols-l2f\/#Summary\">Rezumat<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_L2F_works\"><\/span>Cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103 L2F<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"mybox-2485007046\" class=\"mybox-content mybox-entity-placement\"><div class=\"early-access-banner-inpost\">\r\n  <div class=\"banner-left-inpost\">\r\n    <div class=\"icon-box-inpost\">\r\n      <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/square-info-icon.svg\" alt=\"Info\">\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"text-box-inpost\">\r\n      <span class=\"label-inpost\"><span class=\"translation-block translation-block-banner-text\">Acces timpuriu<\/span><\/span>\r\n      <h4><span class=\"translation-block translation-block-banner-text\">Mai ave\u021bi nevoie de ajutor?<\/span><\/h4>\r\n      <p><span class=\"translation-block translation-block-banner-text\">Contacta\u021bi echipa noastr\u0103 de servicii pentru clien\u021bi.<\/span><\/p>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"banner-right-inpost\">\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/panel.mybox.com\/helpdesk2\/v\/list\/\" class=\"banner-button-inpost\"><span class=\"translation-block translation-block-banner-text\">Trimite mesaj<\/span><\/a>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"translation-block translation-block-merged\"><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L2F creeaz\u0103 un tunel \u00eentre dou\u0103 puncte de re\u021bea:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>un punct de acces al utilizatorului (de exemplu, un server de acces al unui furnizor de servicii de internet)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>o poart\u0103 de re\u021bea la distan\u021b\u0103<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e2nd se stabile\u0219te o conexiune, cadrele de date sunt \u00eencapsulate \u0219i transmise prin tunel. La destina\u021bie, acestea sunt despachetate \u0219i livrate re\u021belei \u021bint\u0103 ca \u0219i cum conexiunea ar fi direct\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Acest lucru permite utilizatorilor s\u0103 acceseze re\u021bele la distan\u021b\u0103 prin intermediul infrastructurii publice, men\u021bin\u00e2nd \u00een acela\u0219i timp o conexiune privat\u0103 logic\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_characteristics\"><\/span>Caracteristici cheie<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>func\u021bioneaz\u0103 la nivelul 2 al modelului OSI (nivelul leg\u0103turii de date)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>conceput pentru tunelarea traficului PPP<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>dezvoltat de Cisco Systems<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>permite redirec\u021bionarea traficului \u00eentre serverele de acces \u0219i gateway-urile la distan\u021b\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>suport\u0103 mai multe sesiuni simultane pe o infrastructur\u0103 partajat\u0103<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Security_considerations\"><\/span>Considera\u021bii privind securitatea<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L2F nu ofer\u0103 criptare \u00een sine. Acesta doar \u00eencapsuleaz\u0103 \u0219i redirec\u021bioneaz\u0103 traficul. Orice aspect de securitate, inclusiv criptarea sau autentificarea, trebuie gestionat de alte protocoale utilizate \u00eempreun\u0103 cu L2F.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Din cauza acestei limit\u0103ri, L2F a fost \u00een mare parte \u00eenlocuit de tehnologii de tunelare mai moderne, precum L2TP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"L2F_and_L2TP\"><\/span>L2F \u0219i L2TP<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>L2F \u2260 L2TP<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L2TP (Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol) a fost creat prin combinarea conceptelor din L2F \u0219i PPTP pentru a forma un protocol de tunelare standardizat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen compara\u021bie cu L2F:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L2TP este standardizat de IETF<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L2TP este acceptat pe scar\u0103 mai larg\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L2TP este utilizat de obicei \u00eempreun\u0103 cu straturi suplimentare de securitate, cum ar fi IPsec<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Practical_implications\"><\/span>Implica\u021bii practice<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L2F este considerat un protocol \u00eenvechit. Este rar utilizat \u00een mediile moderne de g\u0103zduire, dar r\u0103m\u00e2ne relevant ca parte a fundamentelor re\u021belelor \u0219i a evolu\u021biei istorice a VPN-urilor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen\u021belegerea L2F ajut\u0103 la explicarea modului \u00een care au evoluat protocoalele moderne de tunelare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Summary\"><\/span>Rezumat<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L2F este un protocol de tunelare dezvoltat de Cisco care redirec\u021bioneaz\u0103 traficul de nivel 2 prin re\u021belele publice. Acesta permite accesul la re\u021bea de la distan\u021b\u0103, dar nu include criptare integrat\u0103 \u0219i a fost \u00eenlocuit de tehnologii VPN mai moderne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","format":"standard","manualknowledgebasecat":[25],"manual_kb_tag":[1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1736,1766,1751,1767,1752,1753],"class_list":["post-827","manual_kb","type-manual_kb","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","manualknowledgebasecat-hosting","manual_kb_tag-layer-2-tunneling-protocol","manual_kb_tag-point-to-point-tunneling-protocol","manual_kb_tag-point-to-point-protocol","manual_kb_tag-password-authentication-protocol","manual_kb_tag-user-authentication","manual_kb_tag-password-security","manual_kb_tag-remote-access","manual_kb_tag-network-tunneling","manual_kb_tag-router-support","manual_kb_tag-virtual-private-network","manual_kb_tag-layer-2-tunnelling-protocol","manual_kb_tag-tunneling-protocols","manual_kb_tag-protocols","manual_kb_tag-network-router","manual_kb_tag-layer-2-forwarding","manual_kb_tag-internet-engineering-task-force","manual_kb_tag-tunneling-protocol","manual_kb_tag-cisco-systems"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/manual_kb\/827","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/manual_kb"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/manual_kb"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/manual_kb\/827\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9046,"href":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/manual_kb\/827\/revisions\/9046"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=827"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"manualknowledgebasecat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/manualknowledgebasecat?post=827"},{"taxonomy":"manual_kb_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/manual_kb_tag?post=827"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}