{"id":817,"date":"2025-12-19T09:53:19","date_gmt":"2025-12-19T08:53:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/?post_type=manual_kb&#038;p=817"},"modified":"2026-05-30T16:50:31","modified_gmt":"2026-05-30T14:50:31","slug":"protocoale-tcp","status":"publish","type":"manual_kb","link":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/protocols-tcp\/","title":{"rendered":"Protocoale - TCP"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"translation-block translation-block-merged\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) este un protocol de re\u021bea esen\u021bial, utilizat pentru a asigura o comunicare fiabil\u0103 \u00eentre dispozitive prin internet. Acesta define\u0219te modul \u00een care datele sunt \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bite \u00een pachete, transmise \u00eentre sisteme \u0219i reasamblate corect la destina\u021bie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">TCP este una dintre componentele principale ale suitei de protocoale TCP\/IP \u0219i func\u021bioneaz\u0103 la nivelul stratului de transport al comunica\u021biilor de re\u021bea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_86 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Cuprins<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class=\"ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1\"><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/protocols-tcp\/#How_TCP_works\">Cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103 TCP<\/a><ul class=\"ez-toc-list-level-3\"><li class=\"ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/protocols-tcp\/#1_Connection_establishment_three-way_handshake\">1. Stabilirea conexiunii (handshake \u00een trei etape)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/protocols-tcp\/#2_Data_transfer\">2. Transferul de date<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/protocols-tcp\/#3_Connection_termination\">3. \u00centreruperea conexiunii<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/protocols-tcp\/#Key_characteristics_of_TCP\">Caracteristici cheie ale TCP<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/protocols-tcp\/#TCP_vs_UDP\">TCP vs UDP<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/protocols-tcp\/#Practical_use_cases\">Cazuri practice de utilizare<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/protocols-tcp\/#Practical_implications\">Implica\u021bii practice<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/protocols-tcp\/#Summary\">Rezumat<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_TCP_works\"><\/span>Cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103 TCP<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"mybox-663715884\" class=\"mybox-content mybox-entity-placement\"><div class=\"early-access-banner-inpost\">\r\n  <div class=\"banner-left-inpost\">\r\n    <div class=\"icon-box-inpost\">\r\n      <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/square-info-icon.svg\" alt=\"Info\">\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"text-box-inpost\">\r\n      <span class=\"label-inpost\"><span class=\"translation-block translation-block-banner-text\">Acces timpuriu<\/span><\/span>\r\n      <h4><span class=\"translation-block translation-block-banner-text\">Mai ave\u021bi nevoie de ajutor?<\/span><\/h4>\r\n      <p><span class=\"translation-block translation-block-banner-text\">Contacta\u021bi echipa noastr\u0103 de servicii pentru clien\u021bi.<\/span><\/p>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"banner-right-inpost\">\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/panel.mybox.com\/helpdesk2\/v\/list\/\" class=\"banner-button-inpost\"><span class=\"translation-block translation-block-banner-text\">Trimite mesaj<\/span><\/a>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"translation-block translation-block-merged\"><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">TCP stabile\u0219te o conexiune \u00eentre dou\u0103 dispozitive \u00eenainte de orice schimb de date. Aceast\u0103 conexiune asigur\u0103 faptul c\u0103 ambele p\u0103r\u021bi sunt preg\u0103tite s\u0103 comunice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Procesul de comunicare cuprinde trei etape principale:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Connection_establishment_three-way_handshake\"><\/span>1. Stabilirea conexiunii (handshake \u00een trei etape)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cenainte de \u00eenceperea transferului de date, TCP efectueaz\u0103 un handshake:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>clientul trimite o cerere de sincronizare (SYN)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>serverul r\u0103spunde cu SYN-ACK<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>clientul confirm\u0103 cu ACK<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dup\u0103 acest proces, se stabile\u0219te o conexiune stabil\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Data_transfer\"><\/span>2. Transferul de date<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Odat\u0103 ce conexiunea este activ\u0103:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>datele sunt \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bite \u00een pachete mai mici<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>fiecare pachet este numerotat<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>pachetele sunt transmise c\u0103tre destina\u021bie<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>destinatarul confirm\u0103 primirea datelor<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dac\u0103 se pierd pachete sau acestea ajung \u00een ordine gre\u0219it\u0103, TCP solicit\u0103 retransmiterea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Connection_termination\"><\/span>3. \u00cencheierea conexiunii<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dup\u0103 finalizarea transferului de date, conexiunea este \u00eenchis\u0103 \u00een mod controlat pentru a se asigura c\u0103 nu se pierd date.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_characteristics_of_TCP\"><\/span>Caracteristicile cheie ale TCP<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>comunicare orientat\u0103 spre conexiune<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>transmitere fiabil\u0103 a datelor<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>transmisie ordonat\u0103 a pachetelor<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>detectarea erorilor \u0219i retransmiterea<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>controlul fluxului pentru a evita supra\u00eenc\u0103rcarea receptorului<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"TCP_vs_UDP\"><\/span>TCP vs UDP<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>TCP \u2260 UDP<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Caracteristic\u0103<\/th><th>TCP<\/th><th>UDP<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Conexiune<\/td><td>Necesar\u0103<\/td><td>Nu este necesar\u0103<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fiabilitate<\/td><td>Ridicat\u0103<\/td><td>F\u0103r\u0103 garan\u021bie<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ordinea pachetelor<\/td><td>Garantat\u0103<\/td><td>Negarantat\u0103<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Vitez\u0103<\/td><td>Mai lent\u0103<\/td><td>Mai rapid\u0103<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cazuri de utilizare<\/td><td>Web, e-mail, transfer de fi\u0219iere<\/td><td>Streaming, jocuri, aplica\u021bii \u00een timp real<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">TCP este utilizat atunci c\u00e2nd fiabilitatea este mai important\u0103 dec\u00e2t viteza.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Practical_use_cases\"><\/span>Cazuri practice de utilizare<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">TCP este utilizat \u00een:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>navigarea pe web (HTTP\/HTTPS)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>comunicarea prin e-mail (SMTP, POP3, IMAP)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>transferul de fi\u0219iere (FTP, SFTP)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>comunicarea cu bazele de date<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>solicit\u0103rile API \u00eentre sisteme<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Practical_implications\"><\/span>Implica\u021bii practice<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">TCP asigur\u0103 c\u0103 datele ajung \u00een \u00eentregime \u0219i \u00een ordinea corect\u0103, chiar dac\u0103 anumite p\u0103r\u021bi ale re\u021belei sunt instabile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cu toate acestea, datorit\u0103 mecanismelor sale de fiabilitate, TCP poate genera o laten\u021b\u0103 u\u0219or mai mare \u00een compara\u021bie cu protocoalele f\u0103r\u0103 conexiune.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Majoritatea serviciilor moderne de internet se bazeaz\u0103 pe TCP ca protocol implicit al stratului de transport.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Summary\"><\/span>Rezumat<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">TCP este un protocol de transport care asigur\u0103 transmiterea fiabil\u0103, ordonat\u0103 \u0219i verificat\u0103 \u00eempotriva erorilor a datelor \u00eentre sisteme. Acesta reprezint\u0103 o component\u0103 fundamental\u0103 a comunica\u021biilor pe internet \u0219i este utilizat pe scar\u0103 larg\u0103 \u00een serviciile web, e-mail \u0219i sistemele de transfer de fi\u0219iere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","format":"standard","manualknowledgebasecat":[25],"manual_kb_tag":[1835,1851,1836,1852,1705,1837,1853,1736,1838,1854,1823,1839,1855,1824,1840,1856,1825,1841,1826,1842,1827,1843,1828,1844,1829,1845,1830,1846,1831,1847,1832,1848,1833,1849,1834,1850],"class_list":["post-817","manual_kb","type-manual_kb","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","manualknowledgebasecat-hosting","manual_kb_tag-syn-packet","manual_kb_tag-error-detection","manual_kb_tag-ack-packet","manual_kb_tag-tcp-protocol","manual_kb_tag-transmission-control-protocol","manual_kb_tag-fin-packet","manual_kb_tag-transport-layer","manual_kb_tag-protocols","manual_kb_tag-listen-state","manual_kb_tag-reliable-transmission","manual_kb_tag-transport-layer-protocol","manual_kb_tag-syn-sent-state","manual_kb_tag-ordered-delivery","manual_kb_tag-connection-oriented-protocol","manual_kb_tag-syn-received-state","manual_kb_tag-duplicate-prevention","manual_kb_tag-reliable-data-transfer","manual_kb_tag-established-state","manual_kb_tag-three-way-handshake","manual_kb_tag-fin-wait-1-state","manual_kb_tag-client-server-model","manual_kb_tag-fin-wait-2-state","manual_kb_tag-sequence-numbers","manual_kb_tag-close-wait-state","manual_kb_tag-checksum-verification","manual_kb_tag-last-ack-state","manual_kb_tag-packet-retransmission","manual_kb_tag-time-wait-state","manual_kb_tag-acknowledgement-flag","manual_kb_tag-closing-state","manual_kb_tag-flow-control-mechanisms","manual_kb_tag-ordered-packet-delivery","manual_kb_tag-tcp-connection-states","manual_kb_tag-duplicate-packet-prevention","manual_kb_tag-tcp-state-machine","manual_kb_tag-connection-termination"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/manual_kb\/817","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/manual_kb"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/manual_kb"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/manual_kb\/817\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9052,"href":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/manual_kb\/817\/revisions\/9052"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=817"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"manualknowledgebasecat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/manualknowledgebasecat?post=817"},{"taxonomy":"manual_kb_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/manual_kb_tag?post=817"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}