{"id":799,"date":"2025-12-19T09:48:33","date_gmt":"2025-12-19T08:48:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/?post_type=manual_kb&#038;p=799"},"modified":"2026-05-30T16:48:23","modified_gmt":"2026-05-30T14:48:23","slug":"protocoale-dns","status":"publish","type":"manual_kb","link":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/protocols-dns\/","title":{"rendered":"Protocoale - DNS"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"translation-block translation-block-merged\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">DNS (Domain Name System) este un sistem ierarhic de denumire utilizat pe internet pentru a transforma numele de domeniu \u00een adrese IP. Acesta permite utilizatorilor s\u0103 acceseze site-urile web folosind nume u\u0219or de re\u021binut, \u00een locul adreselor IP numerice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De exemplu, un domeniu precum <code>example.com<\/code> este tradus de DNS \u00een adresa IP corespunz\u0103toare a serverului pe care este g\u0103zduit site-ul web.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_86 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Cuprins<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class=\"ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1\"><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/protocols-dns\/#How_DNS_works\">Cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103 DNS<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/protocols-dns\/#DNS_structure\">Structura DNS<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/protocols-dns\/#DNS_records\">\u00cenregistr\u0103ri DNS<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/protocols-dns\/#Practical_use_cases\">Cazuri practice de utilizare<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/protocols-dns\/#Practical_implications\">Implica\u021bii practice<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/protocols-dns\/#Security_considerations\">Considera\u021bii privind securitatea<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/knowledgebase\/protocols-dns\/#Summary\">Rezumat<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_DNS_works\"><\/span>Cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103 DNS<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"mybox-772989987\" class=\"mybox-content mybox-entity-placement\"><div class=\"early-access-banner-inpost\">\r\n  <div class=\"banner-left-inpost\">\r\n    <div class=\"icon-box-inpost\">\r\n      <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/square-info-icon.svg\" alt=\"Info\">\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"text-box-inpost\">\r\n      <span class=\"label-inpost\"><span class=\"translation-block translation-block-banner-text\">Acces timpuriu<\/span><\/span>\r\n      <h4><span class=\"translation-block translation-block-banner-text\">Mai ave\u021bi nevoie de ajutor?<\/span><\/h4>\r\n      <p><span class=\"translation-block translation-block-banner-text\">Contacta\u021bi echipa noastr\u0103 de servicii pentru clien\u021bi.<\/span><\/p>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"banner-right-inpost\">\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/panel.mybox.com\/helpdesk2\/v\/list\/\" class=\"banner-button-inpost\"><span class=\"translation-block translation-block-banner-text\">Trimite mesaj<\/span><\/a>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"translation-block translation-block-merged\"><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Atunci c\u00e2nd un utilizator introduce un nume de domeniu \u00eentr-un browser, sistemul efectueaz\u0103 o c\u0103utare DNS pentru a g\u0103si adresa IP corect\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Procesul implic\u0103, de obicei, mai mul\u021bi pa\u0219i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>browserul verific\u0103 memoria cache local\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>sistemul de operare verific\u0103 \u00eenregistr\u0103rile DNS stocate \u00een cache<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>se interogheaz\u0103 un rezolvator DNS recursiv<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>solicitarea este transmis\u0103 prin serverele DNS p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd se g\u0103se\u0219te \u00eenregistrarea corect\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>adresa IP final\u0103 este returnat\u0103 browserului<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Acest proces se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 automat \u0219i dureaz\u0103, de obicei, doar o frac\u021biune de secund\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"DNS_structure\"><\/span>Structura DNS<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">DNS-ul este organizat \u00eentr-o structur\u0103 ierarhic\u0103:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Servere DNS de r\u0103d\u0103cin\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Servere TLD (domeniu de nivel superior), cum ar fi <code>.com<\/code>, <code>.pl<\/code>, <code>.net<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Servere DNS autoritative care con\u021bin \u00eenregistr\u0103rile efective ale domeniilor<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fiecare nivel contribuie la direc\u021bionarea cererii mai aproape de destina\u021bia final\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"DNS_records\"><\/span>\u00cenregistr\u0103ri DNS<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Informa\u021biile DNS sunt stocate \u00een \u00eenregistr\u0103ri, care definesc modul \u00een care se comport\u0103 un domeniu. Tipurile comune de \u00eenregistr\u0103ri includ:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u00cenregistrarea A \u2013 asociaz\u0103 un domeniu cu o adres\u0103 IPv4<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00cenregistrarea AAAA \u2013 asociaz\u0103 un domeniu cu o adres\u0103 IPv6<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00cenregistrarea CNAME \u2013 redirec\u021bioneaz\u0103 un domeniu c\u0103tre un alt domeniu<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00cenregistrarea MX \u2013 define\u0219te serverele de e-mail pentru un domeniu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Practical_use_cases\"><\/span>Cazuri practice de utilizare<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">DNS-ul este utilizat pentru:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>deschiderea site-urilor web folosind nume de domeniu<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>direc\u021bionarea traficului c\u0103tre serverele de g\u0103zduire<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>configurarea sistemelor de livrare a e-mailurilor<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>gestionarea subdomeniilor \u0219i a serviciilor<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Implica\u021bii_practice\"><\/span>Implica\u021bii practice<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Modific\u0103rile DNS (cum ar fi actualizarea \u00eenregistr\u0103rilor sau schimbarea serverelor de nume) nu sunt instantanee. Acestea necesit\u0103 propagare pe serverele DNS globale, ceea ce poate dura \u00een func\u021bie de cache \u0219i de configura\u021bia furnizorului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen timpul propag\u0103rii, unii utilizatori pot vedea versiunea veche a unui serviciu, \u00een timp ce al\u021bii o v\u0103d deja pe cea actualizat\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Security_considerations\"><\/span>Considera\u021bii privind securitatea<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">DNS-ul \u00een sine nu cripteaz\u0103 datele. Din acest motiv, pot fi utilizate tehnologii suplimentare, precum DNSSEC sau protocoale DNS criptate, pentru a \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi integritatea \u0219i securitatea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">DNS-ul este, de asemenea, o \u021bint\u0103 pentru abuzuri, cum ar fi tunelarea DNS, \u00een care sistemul este utilizat \u00een mod abuziv pentru a transmite date ascunse prin interog\u0103ri DNS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Summary\"><\/span>Rezumat<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">DNS este un protocol de baz\u0103 al internetului care traduce numele de domeniu \u00een adrese IP. Acesta permite utilizatorilor s\u0103 acceseze site-uri web folosind nume u\u0219or de citit, gestion\u00e2nd \u00een acela\u0219i timp rutarea printr-un sistem ierarhic distribuit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","format":"standard","manualknowledgebasecat":[25],"manual_kb_tag":[174,2002,242,2003,385,2004,531,2005,712,2006,772,2007,945,2008,956,2009,997,2010,998,2011,1014,2012,1088,2013,1412,2014,1480,2015,1518,2016,1736],"class_list":["post-799","manual_kb","type-manual_kb","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","manualknowledgebasecat-hosting","manual_kb_tag-dns-server","manual_kb_tag-name-resolution","manual_kb_tag-mybox","manual_kb_tag-name-server","manual_kb_tag-domain-registration","manual_kb_tag-dns-protocols","manual_kb_tag-domain-name","manual_kb_tag-distributed-network","manual_kb_tag-domain-name-system","manual_kb_tag-hierarchical-system","manual_kb_tag-domain","manual_kb_tag-dns-lookup","manual_kb_tag-dns-security","manual_kb_tag-dns-resolution","manual_kb_tag-recursive-resolver","manual_kb_tag-dns-protocol","manual_kb_tag-dns-record","manual_kb_tag-dns-query","manual_kb_tag-dns-management","manual_kb_tag-reverse-dns","manual_kb_tag-mybox-com","manual_kb_tag-authoritative-name-server","manual_kb_tag-ip-address","manual_kb_tag-top-level-domain","manual_kb_tag-dns-configuration","manual_kb_tag-dns-caching","manual_kb_tag-ip-addresses","manual_kb_tag-hostname-to-ip-mapping","manual_kb_tag-find","manual_kb_tag-network-naming","manual_kb_tag-protocols"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/manual_kb\/799","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/manual_kb"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/manual_kb"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/manual_kb\/799\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9050,"href":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/manual_kb\/799\/revisions\/9050"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=799"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"manualknowledgebasecat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/manualknowledgebasecat?post=799"},{"taxonomy":"manual_kb_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mybox.com\/help\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/manual_kb_tag?post=799"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}